Volcanoes Erupting All Over

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Increased Uplift Detected at Three Sisters Volcano in Oregon.. Monday 1/31/2022​

https://www.usgs.gov/programs/VHP/vol... INFORMATION STATEMENT CVO Three Sisters GREEN/NORMAL Monday, January 31, 2022, 12:45 PM PST (Monday, January 31, 2022, 20:45 UTC) USGS scientists have detected an increase in the rate of uplift of the ground surface in the Three Sisters volcanic region of the central Oregon Cascade Range. The volcanoes’ status remains normal/green, and there is no sign of an imminent eruption. Episodes of increased uplift have been observed in this area before and are attributed to small pulses of magma moving deep into the volcanic region. Satellite radar images detected an increased rate of uplift of a 12-mile (20-km) diameter area centered about 3 miles (5 km) west of South Sister volcano. The data indicate uplift of up to 0.9 inches (2.2 cm) between June 2020 and August 2021. GPS data from a nearby continuously recording station show that the deformation has continued to the present. Additionally, seismologists observed brief bursts of small earthquakes in October 2021, December 2021, and January 2022. Most of these shallow earthquakes are too small to locate; those located are inside the uplifted area. The specific cause of the uplift is uncertain. Because the Three Sisters region is a volcanic area (the most recent eruption was about 2,000 years ago near South Sister), the uplift may reflect a small amount of magma emplaced at around 4 miles (7 km) deep. The idea of repeated intrusions at Three Sisters is supported by a USGS study in 1990 that found evidence that heat and gases from magma had influenced water temperature and chemistry of springs located in the uplifted area. This research was published before satellite volcano monitoring began and well before the current uplift episode. In that context, we view periods of increased uplift like the current one as a continuation of episodic, deep magmatic intrusions that have likely been occurring for centuries or millennia in the Three Sisters area. While any magmatic intrusion could eventually lead to a volcanic eruption, an eruption would likely be preceded by detectable and more vigorous earthquakes, ground movement (deformation), and geochemical changes. In general, as magma moves upward during an intrusion, it causes continued or accelerated uplift, fractures rock to generate swarms of earthquakes, and releases significant amounts of volcanic gases, such as carbon dioxide. We do not detect any of these signs currently. Scientists at Cascades Volcano Observatory (CVO) and the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network (PNSN) will closely monitor data in the coming months and issue further updates as warranted. Current World Earthquake Map https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquak..
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https://twitter.com/x/status/1488561589192118276

www.yaktrinews.com

Volcano Watch: Oregon geologists keep close eye on ground movement in Three Sisters volcanic region - YakTriNews.com

Three Sisters annotated photograph viewed from south to north from Broken Top, Oregon. -USGS THREE SISTERS, Oregon– The Northwest is known for its beautiful landscapes and incredible mountain ranges. The movement of the ground underneath one volcanic region in particular has peaked the interest...
www.yaktrinews.com www.yaktrinews.com
Updated: February 1, 2022 8:59 AM by Briana Bermensolo

Taal Volcano Eruption Update; New Eruption Begins, 9 Explosions Occur
Jan 31, 2022 GeologyHub
The Taal Volcano started a new eruption on January 29th, 2022. During a timespan of 24 hours, the crater lake of Taal produced 9 explosions, which occurred alongside small pyroclastic flows. These explosions ejected small amounts of lava, but primarily involved water vapor. The ongoing eruption is not over, and a much larger series of explosions could occur. As a result, warning about residents staying away from the Taal Lake for extended periods of time have been issued. This video will cover what might happen next and state the series of events which led to this explosive eruption. This video was made by a geologist who is based in Arizona.
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Anak Krakatau volcano has erupted nine times today, spewing ash 1 kilometer above the crater.

Published on Feb 4, 2022 (2:03)

More here.

Taal volcano has erupted, spewing ash 900 meters into the sky.

Published on Feb 4, 2022 (2:25)

More here.

Shinmoedake volcano has erupted, spewing ash 4.5 kilometers into the sky.

Published on Feb 4, 2022 (2:16)
 
sToRmR1dR said:
Anak Krakatau volcano has erupted nine times today, spewing ash 1 kilometer above the crater.

Published on Feb 4, 2022 (2:03)

More here.

Taal volcano has erupted, spewing ash 900 meters into the sky.

Published on Feb 4, 2022 (2:25)

More here.

Shinmoedake volcano has erupted, spewing ash 4.5 kilometers into the sky.

Published on Feb 4, 2022 (2:16)
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Just check here, Global Volcanism Program | Current Eruptions

and here, Volcano Hazards | U.S. Geological Survey

These are false report I think.
 
Laurentien2 said:
These are false report I think.
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I think you are right. The people in the YouTube picture don't look Indonesian to me and if you look at at the sleeve of one of the guys you can see that it is not the Indonesian flag, but the flag of the Philippines, although he could be part of an international team.

Added:

The Krakatau in Indonesia did erupt:
https://twitter.com/x/status/1489595759771197441
 
Last edited:
Laurentien2 said:
Just check here, Global Volcanism Program | Current Eruptions

and here, Volcano Hazards | U.S. Geological Survey

These are false report I think.
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Mariama said:
The Krakatau in Indonesia did erupt:
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I can't speak for the videos, but the article stormrider linked to is from a mainstream news source, and it includes an image of the volcano from Feb 4th.

The article states that activity has been ongoing since Jan 16th, in the form of volcanic and surface quakes, that may be due to magma intrusion, and that in one day there were indeed 9 eruptions, the times are noted in the article below.

Alert level is 'watch/caution' (2), and they say that there is still the chance it will erupt. It also links to a previous eruption (the last significant one?) that occurred back in 2018.

Mount Anak Krakatau erupts nine times in one day​

Mount Anak Krakatau erupts nine times in one day - ANTARA News
4 hours ago

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An image of the Mount Anak Krakatau eruption in Sunda Strait on Friday (February 4, 2022). (ANTARA/HO-National Disaster Mitigation Agency/uyu)


Currently, the activity level of Mount Anak Krakatau is set at Level 2 (Watch).
Jakarta (ANTARA) - Mount Anak Krakatau erupted nine times on Friday, acting head of the Center for Disaster Data, Information, and Communication of the National Disaster Mitigation Agency (BNPB), Abdul Muhari, informed.

In a written statement received here on Friday, he said that the Mitigation Center for Volcanology and Geological Disasters (PVMBG) recorded nine eruptions at 9:43 a.m., 10:25 a.m., 10:28 a.m., 12:46 p.m., 1:00 p.m., 1:31 p.m., 1:41 p.m., 2:46 p.m. and 5:07 p.m. Western Indonesia Standard Time (WIB).

The volcano ejected thick greyish black ash columns, which rose about 800-1,000 meters above the peak, he added.

Based on PVMBG’s visual monitoring, the eruptions were believed to be magmatic – in accordance with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes, he informed.

The volcano has shown seismic activity since January 16, 2022, in the form of volcanic and surface earthquakes, which indicate a gradual intrusion of magma from beneath the Earth's surface, he explained.

"The visual and instrumental monitoring data indicate that Mount Anak Krakatau still has the potential to erupt," the BNPB official said.

Currently, the potential danger from the volcano located in the Sunda Strait includes the flow of incandescent lava, pyroclastic materials, and lava, he added.

In addition, heavy ash rain could potentially occur around the crater, within a radius of 2 kilometers (km), he forecast. Meanwhile, thinner ash rain may cover a wider area depending on the direction and speed of the wind, he added.

"Currently, the activity level of Mount Anak Krakatau is set at Level 2 (Watch). Thus, people are appealed not to perform any activities within a 2-km radius of the crater," Muhari said.

He urged the public to comply with the recommendations and directives issued by the PVMBG and other competent authorities.

BNPB also asked the public not to be influenced by hoaxes regarding the activities of the volcano.
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Campi Flegrei Volcanic Field - Pozzuoli, Napoli - Italy
8 Feb 2022

The ground lifting in the Campri Flegrei Volcanic fields near Napoli in Italy, has reached almost the same levels of the 1984 ground lift crisis !

If i remember correctly, back in 1984 parts of Pozzuoli were evacuated when scientists feared that an eruption would come to be (but didn't). Many buildings got unsafe due to deep cracking in many places. The last eruption within the Campi Flegrei area, was Monte Nuovo, west of Pozzuoli back in year 1538 (located where i placed the "Ca" in the Campi Flegrei name)

campi-sat-1.jpg


Marc Zeglat at german 🇩🇪 Vulkane.net wrote following:

Ground heave in the Campi Flegrei has almost reached the 1984 mark
Campi Flegrei: Ground elevation at alarming levels

State: Italy | Coordinates: 40.826, 14.138 | Eruption: Fumarolic

The fact that the ground in the area of Italy's Campi Flegrei caldera volcano has been rising for years is no secret and no longer news. However, projections indicate that the level at which the evacuation of the old town of Pozzuoli was initiated in 1984 could be reached as early as May. Since 2011, the ground has risen by up to 85 cm. The monthly rate of uplift is about 1 cm.

The ground uplift is caused by the effect of bradyseism: hydrothermal fluids penetrate into the subsoil and uplift the land, with the coastal region being particularly affected. But there is another possible origin for the ground uplift: rising magma could be responsible for at least part of the inflation.

Of course, bradyseismic uplift does not last indefinitely and usually the trend reverses after a few years and the ground subsides again. During one of these subsidence phases, the Marcellum was submerged in Roman times. Today it is a few metres inland. Whether there will be evacuations again this time is uncertain. Most likely not when the ground elevation rate of 1984 is reached: since then, the dilapidated buildings have been renovated or demolished and the new houses should withstand the stresses for a while.

Signs of magma uplift in the Campi Flegrei

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There are other alarming signs that an eruption may be brewing: the emission of carbon dioxide is rising steadily. Most of the gas escapes from the solfatara area. Carbon dioxide is also a volcanic gas and it indicates an active magma body in which the amount of melt is increasing.

However, recent studies show that the carbon dioxide may also come from the solution of calcite-bearing rock. The exact origin of the carbon dioxide is therefore unclear. Compared to the uplift phase in the 1980s, a significantly higher carbon dioxide emission is currently detected.

In addition, quake activity in the region has increased again after a decrease last summer. In January [2022?], the INGV recorded 260 earthquakes in the Campi Flegrei.

Scientists face the challenge of distinguishing whether all phenomena occurring are related to "normal" bradyseismos, or whether some of the data collected indicate an increase in magmatic activity underground. Some of the research results are controversial. The facts should be clarified after the next eruption at the latest.

From the collected observations, no imminent eruption can be postulated in the short term, but in the longer term, it could amount to a volcanic eruption in the area of Solfatara, or at another location in the Campi Flegrei.

translated with help of DeepL


Year 2012

I remember that when I visited Pozzuoli in 2012 that the Columns of the ancient Marcellum / Temple of Serapis in Pozzuoli where standing in a lot of water (see photo below). Today and in recent years, it is rather on the dry side (due to the strong uplift in recent years, I assume).

Note:
I am not sure how the amounts of precipitation affects that place (e.g. if the water is collected/contained like in a basin, or has ways to flow out somewhere - that I don't know)

2012-06-10-13-03-27.jpg

In hindsight / perspective

It sounds dramatic with an uplift of 85 cm - the grounds are clearly lifting. Yet, I found a newspaper article / description which indicates that the crisis of 1970-1972, and additionally 1982-84, resulted into a total uplift of 3.55 meter (!). Which if true, puts the Vulkane.net notice about 84 cm into a slightly different perspective ? 🧐 No wait a minute... I have to investigate that correctly (see at the end).

Here is the article in 🇮🇹 Italian langauge:

The bradyseismic crisis of 1970-1972

At the end of the 1960s the Pozzuoli area was subject to subsidence at an average rate of 1.5 cm per year. New surveys in 1970 showed an uplift of the entire built-up area of Pozzuoli with the maximum value along the coast east of Rione Terra.

In addition, the Serapeo had risen by approximately 70 cm since 1968. New seismographs were installed in the area and recorded small earthquakes with epicentres at the bottom of the Gulf of Pozzuoli. These events led to the decision to evacuate the dilapidated Rione Terra, which could not withstand stronger seismic tremors and an acceleration of the uplift.

In the early months of 1970 numerous lesions were reported in some buildings in the historic centre of Pozzuoli and evidence of ground uplift. In March the seismic activity intensified: on 26 March a strong earthquake was felt by the population, but without causing any damage.

In the following months the seismic stations continued to record sporadic seismic events localised in the Gulf of Pozzuoli, albeit of low intensity.

The uplift continued until 1972, and reached a maximum value of 170 cm compared to 1968.

il_mattino_evacuazione-768x660.jpg
[ "Pozzuoli: everyone leaves" • "Fish cooked in burnt fishermen's nets" ]


The bradyseismic crisis of 1982 -1984

A new bradyseismic crisis occurred in the summer of 1982 when there was a ground uplift, followed on 2 November by a seismic swarm of 17 events in 2 hours located just north of the port of Pozzuoli and felt by the population.

From June to November 1982 the ground at the port of Pozzuoli rose by about 15 cm. In the following months the seismicity remained slight until 15 May 1983 when an event of magnitude 3.4 occurred in the Agnano basin. Gradually the seismicity became more intense and concentrated in the Solfatara-Accademia area.

On 4 October 1983 there was the event of greatest intensity (magnitude 4) and on 13 October there was the first seismic swarm of 229 events in a few hours. From the beginning of the crisis until the end of 1983, more than 5,000 significant events were recorded.
In 1984, the number of higher magnitude earthquakes increased until the magnitude 3.8 event on 8 December. Then the seismicity decreased dramatically until it ceased completely in 1985.

During the crisis period, precision geodetic levelling was carried out on a quarterly basis. These measurements showed that the maximum uplift occurred in the Pozzuoli area.

In the two and a half years from the summer of 1982 to the end of 1984, the Pozzuoli harbour area was uplifted by approximately 185 cm, which, together with the 170 cm uplift of 1970-72, resulted in a total uplift of approximately 3.55 m.
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Ok. Here we go

I did find a chart with Pozzuoli's ground lift since year 1905, albeit only going to 2015, but it does give a better understanding: That the ground since the 1982-84 crisis hasn't fallen back to earlier levels, but remained higher than the previous uplifts, e.g. 1950-52 and 1969-72.

Ground-displacement-at-Pozzuoli-Porto-since-1905-measured-by-precision-leveling-until.jpg

So; the Bradyism in Pozzuoli 2022 has indeed reached almost the same (maximum) mark that of year 1984.
It was me (my two braincells), which were a little on the slow side :umm: :lol:
 
Campi Flegrei Volcanic Field - Pozzuoli, Napoli - Italy
1952 • 1985 • 2021

In my search for some nice photos from the latest Etna paroxysm, I encountered a series of photos somebody put together, showing the dramatic uplift in the harbor of Pozzuoli (Napoli, Italy).

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Etna, Sicily - Italy
10 February 2022

And so, the first paroxysm of 2022 is taking place the Etna Volcano in Sicily (and is still ongoing, now at 21:49 Sthlm time, 10 Feb 2022, while I am check various webcams). Last time Etna had a paroxysm was 2 months ago.

Webcam 1 • (southeast crater)
Webcam 2 • (town of Mascalucia)
Webcam 3 • (summit)

Webcam Image 4 • (seen from Paterno)
Webcam 5 • (Etna North)
INGV webcams • (summit, various types of cameras, from various distances, low res)

STUNNING WEBCAM • (from Guidetna.it) showing the top of Etna
ipcamlive refugio citelli • (Etna summit)

https://www.facebook.com/video.php?v=542263213464084

2021-Etna-Heart-Beat-Temor.jpg

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