Sol (Sun) and its phenomena

SOLAR CYCLE 25 ACTIVITY REPORT JUL 16

Solar activity has been at moderate levels for the past 24 hours. Lots of minor C flares. The largest solar event of the period was a M1.1 event peaking at 06:28 UTC july 16 from Region 3057 (N15E04) the flare generated a minor R1 Radio blackout over Central Asia, no CME associated.

However the main event of the past 24 hours was caused by the eruption of the large filament in the northern hemisphere.

The COR2 camera on the STEREO Ahead satellite, which observes the Sun at an angle to the left of the Earth, shows that the CME extends from the top to the side of the Sun. Therefore, it is likely that solar wind turbulence caused by the CME will arrive on Earth.

A 'CANYON OF FIRE' JUST OPENED ON THE SUN: A dark filament of magnetism whipsawed out of the sun's atmosphere on July 15th, carving a gigantic canyon of fire. NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory recorded the eruption.
The walls of the canyon are 25,000 km high and more than 10 times as long. They trace the channel where the filament was suspended by magnetic forces above the sun's surface, before instabilities flung it skyward.

Soon after the eruption, the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) saw a CME emerging from the sun's northern hemisphere. Play the movie. NOAA analysts are modeling the CME to determine if any part of it might hit Earth. SpaceWeather.com

There are currently 6 numbered sunspot regions on the disk: AR3053, AR3055, AR3056, AR3057, AR3058 and new region AR3059. Sunspots AR3053 and AR3056 will leave the solar disk in the coming hours

AR3059 is a group of two sunspots located on the southeast (S07E71) with a size of 180MH and a beta magnetic field. The probability of generating C-class eruptions is 35%.

▪︎Auroral Activity

The geomagnetic field has been quiet for the past 24 hours. (KP=3 at 02:04 july 16) Solar wind speed reached a peak of 570.7 km/s at 00:32 UTC july 16 with a density of 12.96 p/cm3

Current Conditions at 13:51 UTC July 16

▪︎Geospace quiet
▪︎Geomagnetic conditions now KP=2
▪︎Solar wind speed record: 266.1 km/sec
▪︎density: 9.81 protons/cm3
▪︎Neutron Counts today: 1.8% Elevated
▪︎Sunspot number: 141 (SN 133 Jul 15)
▪︎There are no significant coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun

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SOLAR CYCLE ACTIVITY REPORT JUL 17

Solar activity has been at moderate levels for the past 24 hours. Lots of low-level C flares. The largest solar event of the period was a M1.4 long duration flare event observed at 15:39 UTC july 16 from Region 3055 (S16W52)

There are currently 8 numbered sunspot regions on the disk: AR3053, AR3055, AR3056, AR3057, AR3058, AR3059 and two new regions AR3060 and AR3061

AR3060 is a sunspot located on the northeast (N10E39) with a size of 60MH and a alfa magnetic field. The probability of generating C-class eruptions is very low (5%)

AR3061 is a group of 4 sunspots located on the northwest (N24W34) with a size of 20MH and a alfa magnetic field. The probability of generating C-class eruptions is very low (10%)

Coronal Crow on the west limb
▪︎Auroral Activity

The geomagnetic field has been quiet to unsettled levels for the past 24 hours. Solar wind speed reached a peak of 605 km/s at 06:54 UTC july 17

Current Conditions at 15:12 UTC July 17

▪︎Geospace quiet
▪︎Geomagnetic conditions now KP=2
▪︎Solar wind speed record: 420.4km/sec
▪︎density: 0.32 protons/cm3
▪︎Neutron Counts today: 1.9% Elevated
▪︎Sunspot number: 153 (SN 141 Jul 16)
▪︎Solar wind flowing from a double coronal hole could reach Earth on July 21-22

GEOMAGNETIC STORM WATCH: Minor G1-class geomagnetic storms are possible on July 20th or 21st when a slow-moving CME is expected to hit Earth's magnetic field. The CME was hurled into space by Friday's 'canyon of fire' eruption. SpaceWeather.com

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SOLAR CYCLE ACTIVITY REPORT JUL 18

Solar activity has been at low levels for the past 24 hours. The largest solar event of the period was a C6 event observed at 12:27 UTC july 18th from Region 3058 (N13E26). This Sunspot has a delta-class magnetic field that harbors energy for X-class solar flares although the probability is 5%.

There are currently 8 numbered sunspot regions on the disk: AR3053, AR3055, AR3056, AR3057, AR3058, AR3059, AR3060 and AR3061 No new regions.

▪︎Auroral Activity

The geomagnetic field has been quiet for the past 24 hours. Solar wind speed reached a peak of 523 km/s at 12:03 UTC july 18th. Solar wind density dropped to 0.82 p/cm3 at 11:26 UTC July 18.


Current Conditions at 12:18 UTC July 18

▪︎Geospace quiet
▪︎Geomagnetic conditions now KP=2
▪︎Solar wind speed record: 405.2 km/sec
▪︎density: 1.17 protons/cm3
▪︎Neutron Counts today: 3.8% Elevated
▪︎Sunspot number: 166 (SN 153 Jul 17)
▪︎Solar wind flowing from a double coronal hole could reach Earth on July 22

GEOMAGNETIC STORM WATCH: Minor G1-class geomagnetic storms are possible on July 20th or 21st when a slow-moving CME is expected to hit Earth's magnetic field. The CME was hurled into space by an unstable filament of magnetism, which erupted on July 15th


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SOLAR CYCLE 25 ACTIVITY REPORT JUL 29

Solar activity has been at low levels for the past 24 hours. The largest solar event was a C4 event observed at 17/21:39 UTC from Region 3056 (S17W29). There are currently 7 numbered sunspot regions on the disk.

AR3055, AR3056, AR3057, AR3058, AR3059, AR3060 and AR3061

BREAKING SWx NEWS: MASSIVE CORONAL MASS EJECTION: A very large and intense CME is in progress as I write this. It appeared above the SW limb in both the SOHO LASCO C2 and C3 frames. While in the west, where its better connected to Earth, it looks too far south to be geoeffective.
CME WATCH - 2022.07.18: Several faint CMEs especially on the NW limb, you can just catch the onset of the biggest CME right at the end (see last tweet). I'll produce a movie of it when the data is all in. https://t.co/AqbxpnIYn7

▪︎Auroral Activity

The geomagnetic field has been quiet to unsettled for the past 24 hours. Solar wind speed reached a peak of 482.4 km/s at 04:27 UTC july 19th. Solar wind density dropped from 11.77 to 6.95 p/cm3 at 05:01 UTC July 19.

Minor G1 geomagnetic storm (Kp=5)
Threshold Reached: 08:59 UTC july 19th

Current Conditions at 12:40 UTC July 19

▪︎Geospace unsettled
▪︎Geomagnetic conditions now KP=4
▪︎Solar wind speed record: 522.1 km/sec
▪︎density: 11.19 protons/cm3
▪︎Neutron Counts today: 4.2% Elevated
▪︎Sunspot number: 125 (SN 166 Jul 18)
▪︎Solar wind flowing from a double coronal hole could reach Earth on July 22

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SOLAR CYCLE 25 ACTIVITY REPORT JULY 20

Solar activity has been at low levels for the past 24 hours. Lots of low-level C flares. The largest solar event of the period was a C3 event observed at 18/23:54 UTC from Region 3058 (N14E16). There are currently 7 numbered sunspot regions on the disk:
Region 3056, AR3057, AR3058, AR3059, AR3060, AR3061 and new region AR3062 New sunspots are growing in the southeast and have yet to be numbered.

Region AR3055 has rotated to the other side of the sun and will soon be followed by regions 3056 (S14W66) and 3061(N22W71)

AR3062 is a sunspot located on the southeast (S26E60) with a size of 70MH and a alfa magnetic field. The probability of this sunspot generating a significant eruption is minimal at 5% for C-class and 1% for M-class and X-class.


▪︎Auroral Activity

The geomagnetic field has been at unsettled (Kp=4) to minor storm levels (G1, KP=5) for the past 24 hours. Solar wind speed reached a peak of 526 km/s at 19/12:04 UTC

Current Conditions at 13:54 UTC July 20

▪︎Geospace quiet
▪︎Geomagnetic conditions now KP=2
▪︎Solar wind speed record: 444 km/sec
▪︎density: 6.27 protons/cm3
▪︎Neutron Counts today: 2.0% Elevated
▪︎Sunspot number: 114 (SN 125 Jul 19)
▪︎Solar wind flowing from a double coronal hole could reach Earth on July 23

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SOLAR CYCLE 25 ACTIVITY REPORT JULY 21

Solar activity has been at low levels for the past 24 hours. The largest solar event of the period was a long duration C5.7 event observed at 01:02 UTC (max 01:11 end 01:33) from AR3060 (N15W20) on July 21th


SOLAR TSUNAMI AND CME: Sunspot AR3060 exploded during the early hours of July 21st (0100 UT), producing a C5-class solar flare and a solar tsunami. The "tsunami" is the shadowy shock wave seen racing away from the blast site in this extreme ultraviolet movie from NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory:
tsunami_crop_strip.gif
Soon after the explosion, the US Air Force reported a Type II solar radio burst--a natural form of radio noise produced by shock waves in the leading edge of a CME. This means we can expect a CME to emerge from the blast site. SpaceWeather.com

There are currently 8 numbered sunspot regions on the disk. Regions 3056, AR3057, AR3058, AR3059, AR3060, AR3062 and two new regions AR3063 and AR3064 region AR3061 is gone

AR3063 is a group of 4 sunspots located on the northwest (N11W03) with a size of 40MH and a beta magnetic field with low probability of generate something significant.

AR3064 is a group of 5 sunspots located on the northeast (N08E17) with a size of 80MH and a beta magnetic field with low probability of generate minor C-class eruptions (15%)

▪︎ Auroral Activity

The geomagnetic field has been at quiet levels for the past 24 hours. Solar wind speed reached a peak of 471 km/s at 21:15 UTC on July 19th

Current Conditions at 12:53 UTC July 21

▪︎Geospace quiet
▪︎Geomagnetic conditions now KP=2
▪︎Solar wind speed record: 391.6 km/sec
▪︎density: 35.64 protons/cm3
▪︎Neutron Counts today: 2.1% Elevated
▪︎Sunspot number: 129 (SN 114 Jul 20)
▪︎Solar wind flowing from a double coronal hole could reach Earth on July 23
GEOMAGNETIC STORM WATCH: For the next 3 days, minor G1-class geomagnetic storms are likely, according to NOAA forecasters. The action could begin later today, July 21st, when a slow-moving CME is expected to hit Earth's magnetic field; it was hurled into space by a solar eruption on July 15th. Forecasters believe a high-speed stream of solar wind is following close behind the CME. Its arrival on July 22nd could amplify any storm the CME creates, prolonging the unrest through July 23rd SpaceWeather.com

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GEOMAGNETIC STORM IN PROGRESS: A minor geomagnetic storm (G1, Kp=5) as solar wind speed increases to 450 km/s

The forecast is for these conditions to persist until tomorrow, perhaps even intensify a little.


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GEOMAGNETIC STORM UNDERWAY: A minor G1-class geomagnetic storm is underway on July 21st following the arrival of a slow-moving CME that left the sun on July 15th, almost a full week ago. This minor storm could set the stage for more intense activity in the days ahead when a high-speed stream of solar wind and another CME (described below) are expected to arrive on July 22nd and 23rd, respectively. SpaceWeather.com
 
SOLAR CYCLE 25 ACTIVITY REPORT JULY 22

Solar activity has been at low levels for the past 24 hours. Most solar flares yesterday and today have been small C-class. The largest solar event of the period was a long duration C6 event that started at 23:39 and ended at 23:54 on July 21th from Region AR3056 (S14W0).

In the morning of july 21th a magnificent solar flare with an associated CME occurred on the far eastern side so it will not impact the Earth.

Polar eruption

There are currently 9 numbered sunspot regions on the disk: AR3056, AR3057, AR3058, AR3059, AR3060, AR3062, AR3063, AR3064 and new region classified as a plage AR3065
Plage, the French word for beach, are bright patches surrounding sunspots that are best seen in H-alpha. Plage are also associated with concentrations of magnetic fields and form a part of the network of bright emissions that characterize the chromosphere.
AR3065 is group of 3 sunspots located on the southeast (S19E01 right now) with size 10MH and a beta magnetic field.

▪︎Auroral Activity

The geomagnetic field has been at quiet to minor storm levels for the past 24 hours. Solar wind speed reached a peak of 466 km/s at 16:58 UTC on July 21th The solar storm lasted approximately four hours.

Current Conditions at 14:00 UTC July 22

▪︎Geospace quiet
▪︎Geomagnetic conditions now KP=3
▪︎Solar wind speed record: 530.9 km/sec
▪︎density: 9.05 protons/cm3
▪︎Neutron Counts today: 2.5% Elevated
▪︎Sunspot number: 121 (SN 129 Jul 21)
▪︎Solar wind flowing from a double coronal hole could reach Earth on July 23
GEOMAGNETIC STORM WARNING: Geomagnetic storms are possible on July 23rd when a full-halo CME is expected to hit Earth's magnetic field. The storm cloud was hurled toward Earth yesterday by a solar tsunami eruption. NOAA forecasters say that G1- to G2-class (minor to moderate) storms are likely with a slight chance of escalating to category G3 (strong).

Exactly what time will the CME hit? This NASA model of the approaching cloud pinpoints the impact within a few hours around 0000 UT on July 23rd​
nasamodel2_crop_strip.gif
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SOLAR CYCLE ACTIVITY REPORT JULY 23

Solar activity has been at low levels for the past 24 hours. Few C-class solar flares. The largest event was a small C1.4 flare from the 3064 region and actually the most activity was recorded in Earth's magnetic field by minor solar storm G1.

There are currently 8 numbered sunspot regions on the disk: AR3056 is gone but AR3057, AR3058, AR3059, AR3060, AR3062, AR3063, AR3064 and plage AR3065 remain.


It looks like the next few days will be more interesting as the Helioseismology images point out

▪︎Auroral Activity

The geomagnetic field has been at quiet to storm levels for the past 24 hours. As mentioned in the previous post, a CME impacted the magnetic field (around 02:36 UTC on July 23rd).

Active geomagnetic conditions Kp =4 were detected at 03:30 UTC july 23 with a wind speed record 652.8 km/sec later a minor G1 geomagnetic storm (Kp=5) reeached at 03:59 UTC

Current Conditions at 13:35 UTC July 23

▪︎Geospace quiet
▪︎Geomagnetic conditions now KP=2 Saturday's forecast calls for more geomagnetic storm to develop in the next few hours
▪︎Solar wind speed record: 545 km/sec
▪︎density: 8.24 protons/cm3
▪︎Neutron Counts today: 2.5% Elevated
▪︎Sunspot number: 107 (SN 121 Jul 22)
▪︎Earth is inside a stream of solar wind flowing from a double coronal hole.
Earth is now passing through the CME's wake. NOAA forecasters say that more G1-class storms are possible, with a chance of category G2 (moderate) or even G3 (strong) storms in the hours ahead. SpaceWeather.com
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SOLAR CYCLE 25 ACTIVITY REPORT JULY 24

Solar activity has been at low levels for the past 24 hours, at least on this side of the solar disk.

8 solar flares C-class were recorded on july 23th. The largest event was a small C3.6 flare from the 3057 with which the region said goodbye.

Now look at this monstrosity, fortunately this happened on the far side of the solar disk.

This morning, the SOHO satellite observed two CMEs: one that is a rounded CME that surrounds the sun, and the other that violently pops up in the lower right corner. Both appear to be phenomena on the other side of the sun, in which case they have no effect on the earth. You can read about them in today's news

A NEW CME JUST LEFT THE SUN: Yesterday, July 23rd, an unstable filament of magnetism in the sun's southern hemisphere exploded. The blast hurled a bright and interestingly textured CME into space. NOAA analysts are studying the CME now to determine if it has an Earth-directed component. SpaceWeather.com

There are currently 6 numbered sunspot regions on the disk: AR3057 and AR3058, have left the solar disk but AR3059, AR3060, AR3062, AR3063, AR3064 and plage AR3065 remain. All of them have stable magnetic fields that pose little threat for strong solar flares

▪︎Auroral Activity

The magnetic field remained quiet in the last 24 hours. Solar wind speed reached a peak of 576.2 km/s at 05:35 UTC on July 24th
The forecast for a new geomagnetic storm was not met for the rest of the day on saturday but people were able to record some nice auroras after the G1 storm in the early hours of july 23th

Current Conditions at 13:37 UTC July 24

▪︎Geospace quiet
▪︎Geomagnetic conditions now KP=2
▪︎Solar wind speed record: 509 km/sec
▪︎density: 5.8 protons/cm3
▪︎Neutron Counts today: 0.8% below averages
▪︎Sunspot number: 96 (SN 107 Jul 23)
▪︎There are no significant coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun.

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SOLAR CYCLE 25 ACTIVITY REPORT JULY 25

Solar activity has been at low levels for the past 24 hours.

There are currently 6 numbered sunspot regions on the disk: AR3059, AR3060, AR3062, AR3063, AR3064, AR3065 and new region AR3066

AR3066 is a group of 3 sunspots located on the southeast (S17E23) with size 10MH and a beta magnetic field

All of them have stable magnetic fields that pose little threat for strong solar flares

The number of total sunspots has decreased to 80.

▪︎Auroral Activity

The geomagnetic field has been at quiet to levels for the past 24 hours. Solar wind speed reached a peak of 586 km/s at 05:34 UTC

Current Conditions at 13:07 UTC July 25

▪︎Geospace quiet
▪︎Geomagnetic conditions now KP=1
▪︎Solar wind speed record: 424.6 km/sec
▪︎density:3.68 protons/cm3
▪︎Neutron Counts today: 0.8% below averages
▪︎Sunspot number: 80 (SN 96 Jul 24)
▪︎There are no significant coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun.

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SOLAR CYCLE 25 ACTIVITY REPORT JULY 26

Solar activity has been at very low levels for the past 24 hours. The largest solar event of the period was a C1 event observed at 08:33 UTC on July 25th

There are currently 6 numbered sunspot regions on the disk AR3060 is gone but AR3059, AR3062, AR3063, AR3064, AR3065, AR3066 remain. (About to lose AR3059 and AR3063 regions over the W limb in the next few hours)

The total number of sunspots has increased to 100 due to new regions appearing on the east side that have yet to be numbered.

Big CME on July 23th update

▪︎Auroral Activity

The geomagnetic field has been at quiet to unsettled levels for the past 24 hours. Solar wind speed reached a peak of 546 km/s at 02:17 UTC on July 25th. Active geomagnetic conditions (Kp=4) were reached at 02:39 UTC


Current Conditions at 13:39 UTC July 26

▪︎Geospace quiet
▪︎Geomagnetic conditions now KP=2
▪︎Solar wind speed record: 422.2km/sec
▪︎density:0.79 protons/cm3
▪︎Neutron Counts today: 0.0% below averages
▪︎Sunspot number: 100 (SN 80 Jul 25)
▪︎There are no significant coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun.

COSMIC RAY UPDATE: Cosmic rays in the atmosphere are rapidly subsiding. In the past year alone, radiation levels in the air high above California have plummeted more than 15%, according to regular launches of cosmic ray balloons by Spaceweather.com and Earth to Sky Calculus. The latest measurement on July 23, 2022, registered a 6 year low:​


This development, while sudden, is not unexpected. Cosmic rays from deep space are repelled by solar activity; when one goes up, the other goes down. Since 2021, Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The onset of the new solar cycle has naturally led to a decrease in cosmic radiation reaching Earth.
To many readers this may sound counterintuitive. After all, don't solar flares produce radiation? Yes, but most high-energy radiation doesn't come from the sun; it comes from deep space. Every day galactic cosmic rays from distant supernova explosions pass through the Solar System. When they hit the top of Earth's atmosphere, they create a secondary spray of radiation, which we measure using sensors onboard our balloons.

The sun makes it more difficult for these cosmic rays to reach Earth. Simply put, when the sun is active, its magnetic field gets stronger and more tangled. Cosmic rays have trouble penetrating the magnetic thicket. Also, individual CMEs sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

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SOLAR CYCLE ACTIVITY REPORT JULY 27

Solar activity has been at low levels for the past 24 hours. The largest solar event of the period was a C8 event observed at 15:35 UTC on July 26th from Region 3060 (N12W89)

C8 solar flare

There are currently 5 numbered sunspot regions on the disk AR3059, AR3062, AR3065, AR3066 remain and there is a new region AR3067 Most regions stable, about to lose region AR3059 and AR3065

AR3067 is a group of 3 sunspots located on the northeast (N20E54) with size 70MH and a beta magnetic field with low probability of generate strong solar flares

The total number of sunspots has decreased to 78 as we lose 3 regions over the west limb.

Magnetic polarity fields

▪︎Auroral Activity

The geomagnetic field has been at quiet levels for the past 24 hours. Solar wind speed reached a peak of 467 km/s at 18:10 UTC on July 26th

Current Conditions at 13:39 UTC July 27

▪︎Geospace quiet
▪︎Geomagnetic conditions now KP=2
▪︎Solar wind speed record: 444.7 km/sec
▪︎density: 6.5 protons/cm3
▪︎Neutron Counts today: 0.5% Elevated
▪︎Sunspot number: 78 (SN 100 Jul 26)
▪︎There are no significant coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun.

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