Christopher Langan's Cognitive Theoretic Model of the Universe

psychegram

The Living Force
Not having seen any threads or even references to Christopher Langan's work on the Forum, I thought I'd start a thread to introduce everyone to his work ... because it's really interesting and something which, I think, is highly colinear with the aims of this community. In fact, I would argue that Langan has rigorously developed many of the insights and themes the Laura has explored in her own philosophical work, independently arriving at the same conclusions.

Christopher Langan is often referred to as the world's smartest man, or at least the smartest man in America. His IQ is measured to be in the 190-200 range. Despite this, or rather perhaps because of it, Langan is not associated with academia in any way; he never even went to university. Nor does he remotely resemble your typical nerdy academic. He's a bodybuilder, a very large dude, a bit fat in his old age but with huge arms; he worked as a bouncer when he was young, and currently lives as a rancher in the midwest. His personality is best described as blunt and even combative; he speaks his mind directly and isn't afraid to get into confrontations. That's how the bodybuilding started: Langan grew up in a rural poor family, and his mother's boyfriend would beat him up ... so Langan started working out, and one day put a stop to the abuse. As you might imagine this personality profile left him very ill-suited to academia.

It's also worth pointing out that Langan is very conservative. If you look up him up on Facebook or on Twitter you can see that he is very outspoken about his support for Trump, his opposition to globalism, his disdain for the plandemic, etc. This is how I first became aware of him: Langan is something of a meme on 4chan, where screencaps of his very politically incorrect writings circulate on occasional threads devoted to him.

What's most interesting, however, is Langan's life's work: the Cognitive Theoretic Model of the Universe (CTMU). This is an attempt to craft a complete, mathematically grounded system in which all aspects of reality - physical as well as mental - are self-consistently accounted for. I absolutely won't be able to do it proper justice here. A primer can be found at the CTMU wiki. Before getting into it, it's important to emphasize that the CTMU offers (or claims to offer) a mathematical proof for the existence of God, consciousness (going all the way down to the quantum level), and teleology. At the same time, broad features of the physical universe, such as quantum entanglement, cosmic expansion, and general relativity, also emerge as logical consequences of this framework.

Returning to politics, Langan's opposition to the globalists emerges as a direct and logical consequence of the CTMU. He explains this at length in his essay Metareligion as the Human Singularity (pdf here), in which he describes how the Earth is, at this point in historical time, perched on the edge of a phase transition into one of two irreversible attractor states: the global hive/technological singularity, and the global network/human singularity. In the first, humans are reduced to soulless appendages remote-controlled by a tiny class of overlords, who become the permanent rulers of the planet in a process he refers to as 'parasitic divergence'. In the second, humanity wakes up, takes control of its destiny, and utilizes the network technology as tool for distributed, horizontal self-organization in which each node of the network has full autonomy. In other words, a world in which free will disappears, vs. a world in which free will is foundational. Beyond the obvious hellishness of the global hive, Langan points out that the teleological principle means that God prunes those branches of creation that fall out of harmony with God's teleological goals: while each part of creation has free will, implying the freedom to act contrary to God, those parts which act in this fashion are removed in order to maintain harmony. Therefore, one way or the other, if parasitic divergence is successful and the world becomes a global hive, since this is diametrically opposite of the universe's telic utility, God will destroy the world.

All of that sounds a lot like what has been found here, regarding the universe's propensity to smash misbehaving planets with comets; the coming phase transition into 4D associated with the Wave; and 4D STS plans (which the Cs assure us will fail) to enslave the planet on the other side of the density transition. The distributed society Langan describes as the alternative is furthermore very similar to the STO networking concept, which the Cs have suggested is fundamental to societal structure in 4D.

The essence of the CTMU is that reality is, at root, a language - what Langan refers to as a Self-Configuring Self-Processing Language, that is, essentially a language that speaks itself. From the wiki:

Normally, languages are considered to be in the minds of people and they work on the basis of moving symbols around mentally, where said symbols represent things in the "outside world". By attempting to represent things in the "outside world" with language, one gets closer and closer in accuracy of description to the things one attempts to describe the more expressive/powerful the language is. What would happen if a language was so expressive that it contained every piece of information on the thing it wishes to describe, to the highest resolution possible? You would have the SCSPL "coding" of that object in the universe, which is identical to the object itself. Thought about in another way, if one asks themselves "what does the SCSPL coding of a tennis ball look like?"; the answer is the tennis ball itself!

Clearly, there's immense overlap with the concepts from quantum information theory that the universe is a sort of giant computer.

Langan then defines reality as "the perceptual aggregate including (1) all scientific observations that ever were and ever will be, and (2) the entire abstract and/or cognitive explanatory infrastructure of perception". Thus, if any theory requires something external to reality to explain reality, the theory is incomplete as reality necessarily includes that thing. Furthermore, since mind is manifestly a part of reality, any theory of everything must be able to account for all of the properties of mind.

The CTMU then deploys three axioms (although Langan emphasises that these are not assumptions, but necessary truths):


MAP basically means that reality is closed in the sense that it includes everything needed to explain reality.

M=R follows from MAP, in that 1) mind must be a part of reality; 2) reality is experienced through minds; therefore 3) that which cannot be perceived by mind (that which is outside of mind) is not a part of reality. Putting it altogether, mind and reality at the deepest level are isomorphic.

MU is based on an interesting tautology: any two things that are different, are also similar, insofar as that in order to describe their difference they must participate in a common underlying framework that enables those differences to be expressed in the first place. For example, in order to perceive the difference between red and blue, both must belong to the underlying category of colour, and are therefore unified in this respect.

Regarding the origin of reality (why something instead of nothing):

Questions like "why and how does reality exist?" and "why does this reality exist instead of some other reality?" are typically answered in one of two ways:

  1. Reality "just exists", and no further explanation is needed or can be given.
  2. Reality exists due to the influence of something outside of it, an external creator.
Langan opposes both views, arguing that were reality to lack an explanation, it would lack the structure needed to enforce its own consistency, whereas for an external creator to create reality, the creator itself would have to be real, and therefore inside reality by definition, contradicting the premise.[32]

The CTMU treats the origin of reality in the context of freedom and constraint. Concepts are defined by constraints specifying their structure, and structure requires explanation. Consequently, Langan argues, every concept requires explanation except the "terminal concept" with no constraints, and no structure to explain. In the CTMU, this terminal concept or "ontological groundstate" is called "unbound telesis" or UBT.[33]

Because UBT is a medium of pure potential, everything is possible within it. This means that anything which is able to "recognize itself" as existing, will in fact exist from its own vantage. However, the requirements for doing so are, asserts Langan, more stringent than is normally supposed. Because UBT is unstructured, the only possibilities which can actualize from it are those with sufficient internal structure to create and configure themselves. So in the CTMU, reality, rather than being uncaused or externally caused, is self-caused, and constrained by the structure it needs to create and configure itself, that of SCSPL.

This leads directly to the importance of teleology in the CTMU:

Reality, Langan argues, requires as a condition of its existence not merely logical consistency, but "teleological consistency". To arise from UBT, reality needs a function to distinguish what it is from what it is not—to "select itself" for existence.[35] This requirement, the "Telic Principle", generalizes the well-known anthropic principle: whereas the anthropic principle asserts that reality must have a form that is compatible with our existence, the Telic Principle asserts that reality must have a form that "selects" its own existence.[36]

Because reality is self-contained, it serves as its own selection function. That is, the function, that which it selects, and the act of selection itself are identical; "existence is everywhere the choice to exist"[35] and "reality triples as choice, chooser and chosen". Langan explores the logic of this arrangement: "[a] large part of the CTMU is about what happens when functions, including choice, generative and causal functions, are looped so that input coincides with output coincides with functional syntax".

The requirement that reality serve as its own selection function gives it a reflexive form whose goal is to self-actualize. This "MU form" is the starting configuration of SCSPL grammar.[35] With "existence and its amplification" as its sole imperative, reality self-configures by maximizing a parameter Langan calls "generalized utility". The CTMU is therefore a teleological theory in which the purpose of reality is to optimally self-actualize.[37]

Because reality inherits distributive freedom from UBT, parts of reality can deviate from the teleology of reality as a whole. The whole maximizes potential utility, "setting things up" for maximum benefits should teleology be pursued. Langan takes generalized utility as the basis of a system of ethics, defining goodness as that which furthers teleology and extending the Golden Rule to fit the stratified structure of SCSPL.

Thus, free will is a direct consequence of the self-configuring teleological kernel from which reality emerges, and goes all the way down to the most fundamental level. Reality also (in order to maintain internal coherency) automatically prunes those 'telors' (a term referring to any entity, such as a human being, possessed of agency) that detract from generalized utility i.e. act contrary to the will of God. Hence, misbehaving planets getting whacked by comets; hence, misbehaving souls getting 'smashed', losing coherency and returning to a previous level of development.

Interestingly, Langan posits that physical law itself is a direct consequence of teleology, since maintaining coherency of physical law across time requires, in effect, atemporal communication between states at different times; thus not only does reality configure itself moving from the past to the future, but it also configures itself by moving from the future to the past, simultaneously.

The expansion of the universe emerge from the CTMU in an interesting form:

The CTMU relates space, time, and matter through a process Langan calls "conspansion"—"material contraction qua spatial expansion".[40] Because reality is self-contained, argues Langan, its external size and duration are undefined, and it cannot expand in an external sense: it has nothing to expand into, and nothing to expand during. Mainstream cosmologists prefer to describe expansion in terms of internal geometry, viewing the question of what the universe is expanding into as "not a profitable thing to think about".[41] Langan asserts that mainstream expansion models nonetheless violate self-containment, arguing that they employ a non-endomorphic concept of motion and cannot intrinsically explain the creation of the spacetime manifold itself.

In Langan's model, reality stratifies inwardly into a superposition of sequentially related states. New states are formed within the images of previous states. In the resulting "conspansive spacetime", rather than reality expanding relative to its contents, its contents contract relative to it, and time scales shrink in proportion—an idea adumbrated in 1933 by Arthur Eddington.[42] This picture is intended to retain the valid relationships of conventional spacetime while changing their interpretations so as to resolve paradoxes of cosmology and physics.

Conspansion alternates between two phases: a generative phase in which events produce new possibilities, and a selective phase in which possibilities collapse into new events. The alternation occurs at a fixed conspansion rate c, which can be identified with the speed of light in a vacuum,[43] and understood as the rate at which reality creates itself. Conspansive alternation is also associated with wave-particle duality, and the CTMU features a teleological interpretation of quantum mechanics called "sum over futures".[44]

So basically, rather than the universe expanding, the contents of the universe are in effect shrinking in synchrony with one another. A moment's thought suffices to demonstrate that, viewed internally, the two phenomena - expansion of space/time and conspansion of space/time - are indistinguishable.

Finally, regarding the properties of mind and, ultimately, God:

The fundamental entity of SCSPL reality is the "syntactic operator", or unit of self-processing information.[45] Because, argues Langan, cognition is just the specific form of information processing that occurs in a mind, information processing can be described as "generalized cognition" and self-processing information as "infocognition".[46] So in the CTMU, reality embodies a dual-aspect monism consisting of one substance (infocognition) with two aspects (information and cognition); space is a configuration of syntactic operators, and time is the activity of these operators as they process themselves and each other.

The CTMU therefore supports a kind of panpsychism. Although every part of SCSPL has a cognitive aspect, the mental capabilities of a given subsystem depend on its structure. Langan distinguishes three "levels of self-cognition": subordinate, agentive, and global.[47] The lowest of these levels, subordinate, encompasses low-complexity objects such as rocks. In the CTMU, rocks are cognitive in the generalized sense—their molecules interact, thereby processing information—but they do not possess independent volition or any intrinisic ability to optimize their environment.

The next level of self-cognition, which includes humans, is that of agent-level "telors": observer-participants in the ongoing creation of reality.[48] Telors possess independent volition and constructive, creative intelligence or "sentience". In the CTMU, the distributed laws of physics do not fully determine reality; they are supplemented by "meta-laws" created by telors as reality evolves. This ability of telors is constrained by factors including locality, interference, and the probabilistic limits of the laws of physics.

The third and highest level of self-cognition, the global level, is that of reality itself. This level possesses three formal properties of SCSPL: "syntactic self-distribution" (analogous to omnipresence), "perfect autotransductive reflexivity" (analogous to omniscience), and "self-configuration up to freedom" (analogous to omnipotence). Because these are theological attributes, Langan describes reality as "the mind of God". So, claims Langan, because the CTMU constitutes absolute truth—because it is founded on necessary principles and supported by logical and mathematical reasoning—it proves the existence of God.

So, that's a quick introduction to Christopher Langan and the Cognitive Theoretic Model of the Universe.
 
The guy has been around for the last few decades, his theories didn't quite pickup on the spiritual (or scientific) home front, and it looks like he has a particular inclination towards playing with words and devising new terms. Nothing wrong with that - Gurdjieff did it although more like storytelling, however just playing semantics does not help greatly on the spiritual seeker's path, you need some anchoring and referential material. Maybe some AI can be trained upon to make some models of it. Like, from "AI" to AI.🥂

Until then, and since it's so hard to fathom any meaning, I'm sticking with philosopher Kanye West who once said: "Would you believe in what you believe in if you were the only one who believed it?"
 
Currently listening to this long interview with Langan by Curt Jaimungal:


At one point I caught him casually use the word ponerology along with dark-tetrad. He also describes a concept very similar to soul smashing, without calling it that. Did a quick Google search and found this:
Question: "I know Chris has said many times that evil is very real and is emergent in an existence with Free-Will--that it is the active and conscious choice to deny God and fall into unconscious and ungodly existence (Hell). Isn't Hell and evil still part of God and existence, and is a necessary byproduct? In a sense, it sets up a reference frame to help creation choose what it wants to be and what it doesn't want to be, but neither is inherently good or bad? In the end it all comes back to God/Love one way or another?"
Answer: The possibility of evil is implied by that of goodness and virtue, just as the possibility of hatred is implied by love. This possibility is the price levied by God on His own perfection. To pay that price, God must constantly reject evil and those who do it.
Because evil is morally disinhibiting, it provides those telors which succumb to it with powerful advantages that ensure its widespread adoption and success. Anyone who doubts it need merely consider the global oligarchy. It's a paradigm of dark-tetrad ponerology, having stolen everything that wasn't nailed to the floor, everything that was nailed to the floor (by stealing the entire floor), and human freedom and dignity as well.
The evil cabal that has taken control of the world has proven its true nature by profiting immensely from murder, robbery, deceit, war, famine, pestilence, and now, from the very medicines allegedly intended to prevent it. Don't make excuses for it - it will only use empathy as a license to spread and intensify.
Comment: "As Chris has said, Satan needs to come back to God."
Response: Satan is the antithesis of God, and therefore cannot come back to God. Evil must be unbound before it is resorbed.
The fallen angel Lucifer is another story. Lucifer walks the tightrope between good and evil; his balancing act is inherent to the world and emulated by most human beings. Now that Satan has grown too strong, Lucifer must restore equilibrium by pulling away from evil and drawing nearer to his Creator.
Otherwise, Lucifer would share the fate of the world, and would have no more playground in which to run.
He expands on this idea of being "unbound" in the interview above. Basically describing how the end of evil is to be disintegrated back into primal matter.
 
A brief summary of some CTMU ideas and Langan's paper on metareligion and the coming reality split (tech singularity vs. human singularity):


Seems to have inspired Robert Malone's latest post:

 
Yes! It's time we start talking about Chris. As far as i know the CTMU is the only ontology with language at it's core, which therefore aims to fix a problem we have experienced for a very very long time. I will restrain myself from rambling several pages right now, let's get this thread kicking.
 
Having recently delved into Langan's writings, I have come to the realization that if reality is continuously generating data through the interaction between observers and what is observed, and the notion of an expanding universe is merely a one-dimensional outlook, then a paradox must be synthesized. Could it be that, rather than being discarded, information is instead retained through more efficient "storage" methods? In other words, the challenge that must be addressed is how to obtain more knowledge when there is no "growth", or how to extend reality (learn) a within the limits of “reality boundary” (not expand) simultaneously? Might this be a perpetual system of amalgamation, which is deductive in nature (or transforming multiple diverse sets of data into a single, more unified set), thereby advancing knowledge without expanding the medium of holding knowledge (space and time)?
 
Having recently delved into Langan's writings, I have come to the realization that if reality is continuously generating data through the interaction between observers and what is observed, and the notion of an expanding universe is merely a one-dimensional outlook, then a paradox must be synthesized. Could it be that, rather than being discarded, information is instead retained through more efficient "storage" methods? In other words, the challenge that must be addressed is how to obtain more knowledge when there is no "growth", or how to extend reality (learn) a within the limits of “reality boundary” (not expand) simultaneously? Might this be a perpetual system of amalgamation, which is deductive in nature (or transforming multiple diverse sets of data into a single, more unified set), thereby advancing knowledge without expanding the medium of holding knowledge (space and time)?

My question doesn’t entirely make sense to me, re-reading it. I might be simply posing a simple problem - if the universe isn’t expanding, how to generate and retain potentially infinite information in a finite way? My guess is it’s the same problem we attempt to solve in computing. Likely, however I’m not fully grasping Langan’s ideas and have much more to read anyway. I find it quite fascinating for now.
 
Currently listening to this long interview with Langan by Curt Jaimungal:


At one point I caught him casually use the word ponerology along with dark-tetrad. He also describes a concept very similar to soul smashing, without calling it that. Did a quick Google search and found this:

He expands on this idea of being "unbound" in the interview above. Basically describing how the end of evil is to be disintegrated back into primal matter.

Perhaps that’s a great example of the kind of information re-cycling that needs to occur (see above questions). There’s all kinds of avenues to go down that are anti-life and less that are life affirming: “the road is wide but narrow is the gate”

But practically speaking, what is there of particular value knowing all the explicit details of someone’s evil exploits and escapades - other than the general knowledge of it and the insight that such paths lead to more suffering?

I don’t find any use to hear about Alister Crowley’s step by step perverted rituals for example. Do we need all that detail to conclude it’s an unwise path to take? Could it be that such information in minute detail (and those that hold it) associated with such experiences are more likely “archived”? Just a thought…
 
What does Langan say about paranormal events? What does he say about UFOs and reports of aliens and abductions, etc? Does he say anything about hyperdimensional realities?
Langan doesn't seem to be horrible in this area. I posted this link earlier this month on Ark's blog:


Hawking: "... The universe didn’t need a God to begin; it was quite capable of launching its existence on its own.”... To make an assertion like Stephen’s, one must be careful about how words like God, creation, and universe are defined... But although Stephen was dead wrong about God not creating the universe... there was something else about which he may very well have been right: “If aliens visit us, the outcome could be much like when Columbus landed in America, which didn’t turn out well for the Native Americans,"...

It’s actually a bit worse than that. The truth is that we may already be infested by alien intelligence ... the kind of intelligence that holds humanity in such contempt as to (1) lock down the world population on the pretext of an engineered pandemic, (2) wreck entire economies in order to “reset” the world to its exclusive advantage, (3) tell the public that "You will own nothing and be happy (or else), live in tiny urban coffins, and eat insects,” and (4) manipulate human population genetics by involuntary social engineering clearly designed to homogenize and genetically downgrade the human species.

Why are the human “elite” behaving like inhuman, power-drunk sadists and dysgenic livestock breeders without a single word explaining their apparent mischief? None of them seems to have an answer. It's almost as if they are hosts-of-convenience for alien, demonic, or egregoreal "walk-ins" whose motives their hosts cannot grasp despite being completely in their thrall.
 
It's possible he gives his views on the subject in this substact post about the Skinwalker Ranch but it's behind a paywall:
 
It's possible he gives his views on the subject in this substact post about the Skinwalker Ranch but it's behind a paywall:
Was just about to post about this! Incidentally, this exact post was what pushed me over the edge into paying for the CTMU substack so I'll go through and read the whole thing again to pull out any interesting bits.

Just something that stuck out to me that Chris says at the end:

I'm usually quite sympathetic to reports of paranormal phenomena. In fact, my own paranormal experiences were part of what drove me to construct a sophisticated "big picture" theory able to accommodate explanations. The world is swimming in such phenomena, but we've been conditioned not to see or hear them...or rather, to see and hear only the ones intended by their sources, whatever those may be. Unfortunately, some people have muddied the waters by counterfeiting them.
 
Founds these on the CTMU facebook page:

Aliens:
Comment: "The plot thickens as they are trying to persuade the population that war is imminent with ET's. Do not be fooled. Most of those crafts are man-made. Would it be a hostile ET we already would be completely wiped out!"

Response: Just for the sake of thoroughness, the "spacecraft" used in any catastrophic disclosure event need not be man-made.

It is presently impossible to prove that an alien infestation does not already exist, and that we do not already have an oppressive occupation government under alien control. As unlikely as this may seem, we cannot identify the specific authors of our misery. All we can do is extrapolate from inhuman and tyrannical governmental misbehavior to the Father of Lies.

This is what happens once a constitutional republic devolves to a "national security state" overseen by a fascisto-communistic oligarchy. The chain of command leading back to Satan can incorporate almost anything including explicit globalist conspirators, nefarious space aliens, an interdimensional fungus, demonic egregores, or any combination thereof. Whatever the true state of affairs may be, it is concealed in the name of "national security".

If the globalists were being puppeteered by aliens bent on total domination, and the first lockdown/control plan (e.g., Covidmania) met with failure, the ace up their sleeve could be an "alien invasion" designed to bring about a tyrannical global government under secret alien command. Basically, the aliens would offer to save us from the aliens themselves through their human hosts or proxies while remaining (mostly) hidden for their own safety.

In any case, the bottom line is our need to physically, intellectually, and spiritually resist enslavement, extermination, and damnation. The only way we can avoid open conflict is if the government starts telling us the truth for a change. (Fat chance.) Until then, aliens, demons, or interdimensional fungi are what the government might as well be.
Paranormal experiences:
I've experienced sleep paralysis, usually just before intense OOBE's. It began in early adolescence. I'm quite experienced, paranormally speaking. Suffice it to say that you need to be careful. There are entities that can attach themselves to you at sites of affinity - places where you mirror each other, or where your mind and soul aren't quite solid and can be molded to their liking. Depending on what they are and what they want with you, this may come at extremely high cost. Just say a prayer when you encounter them - that may be sufficient to dispel them. If not, then they're either benign, or you're in *real* trouble.
😉
Bill Cooper:
Bill Cooper was a widely known conspiracy theorist, and he makes for entertaining reading. But aside from that, two things should be noted:
(1) Expressing like or respect for him can probably get you on an FBI list, or at any rate could have done so under Obama.
(2) Although his conspiracy theories involved space aliens and the like, they were mostly within the realm of possibility, and aside from their personal identities and tactics, the high-level conspirators therein posited definitely exist and are up to no good.
Remember, if anyone is loonier than a completely unbridled conspiracy theorist, it's an idiot who denies the existence of conspiracies where they surely exist.
Such idiots often turn out to be affiliated with the conspirators.
Tic-tac:
Comment: "So I did check and while UFO's where addressed in the group some time ago no one at the time (perhaps it wasn't available yet) linked to the flight recording from the F-18 over San Diego tracking a 40 foot "tic-tac" shaped UFO off shore of San Diego. It travels without any heat emissions and accelerates at over 100 g's of force."

Correction: It flies around with over 100 g's of acceleration only if it is made out of ordinary matter. Inertia is a function of mass; no mass, no inertia (this follows from Newton's laws alone). If tic-tacs are "made out of light", for example, then there is no inertia, and no limit on acceleration. It all comes down to what's going on in the conspansive manifold.

As for we here at the Mega Foundation, all this talk of "tic tacs" seems otiose and scientifically unproductive, if only because it depends on sporadic sightings by pilots and radar technicians. We, on the other hand, can take videos of fast-accelerating luminous objects any time we like, because we happen to own a building that is absolutely jam-packed with them, and the videos we already have of them are quite spectacular. (There's some evidence that they may have something to do with me in particular, but they can also be detected by infrared cameras when I'm not present.)

I even offered to let a quantum-optics expert - specifically, an optical physicist from UC Berkeley associated with FoM - come here for serious experimentation. But unfortunately, this well-paid acadummy, who has repeatedly asserted that any meaningful parapsychological / paranormal experimentation must include a skeptical observer just like him, only wanted to know about the grant we'd be using to finance the project. (Most professional scientists have an unseemly obsession with money that I find very annoying, so the offer was withdrawn until such a time, if any, as we again feel like allowing third-party observation, which we presently do not.)

Anyway, the field is already quite a bit more advanced than even NASA could possibly understand. And to think that they could have been collaborating with us instead of staging "top secret" leaks in the run-up to "Disclosure" aka "Project Blue Beam". (Apparently, whoever said that "military intelligence" is an oxymoron wasn't actually kidding.)
AFAIK, he doesn't use the word "hyperdimensional" often, or at all. He tends to just use the word "metaphysical" (i.e. "above" the level of observable physical reality).
 
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